SOURCES OF INSPIRATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORIENTAL CARPETS IN EUROPEAN PAINTING OF THE MIDDLE AGES

Abstract

The purpose is to determine the sources of inspiration and the classification of oriental carpets in European fine art of the 15th–16th centuries on the example of the works of a group of artists who addressed the specified area of decorative and applied art in their work.
Results. Based on the analysis of works of European fine art of the Renaissance and Mannerism, it was possible to reveal the spread of fashion for carpets of oriental style in this period. They were brought to Europe in the specified time period by several routes - Anatolian from Byzantium and Turkey, and from there Caucasian Armenian and Azerbaijani. At the same time, the fashion for carpets of Persian and Syrian origin spread in the European society of the powerful only from the age of Mannerism. On the other hand, Mamluk non-Arab carpets and African Berber carpets brought from the Maghreb countries, where the Turks ruled at the same time, were valued to a lesser extent in carpet art in Europe in the 15th–16th centuries. Accordingly, it should be noted that at the same time, Jan van Eyck, Giovanni and Gentile Bellini, Petrus Christus, Carlo Crivelli, Lorenzo Lotto, Hans Memling, Hans Holbein the Younger preserved for history the types of oriental carpets contemporary to them, which later acquired the same names as the authors'
surnames , and entered the treasury of world decorative and applied art and could be reproduced in the future.
Research methodology. The research uses scientific tools from a set of principles, approaches and methods.
Among them, the principle of scientific reconstruction, art history and cultural approaches, axiological, ontological, hermeneutic, historical-genetic, historical-chronological, historical-comparative, socio-cultural, typological, iconographic and the method of art analysis are involved.
Novelty. The novelty of the research includes the clarification of information about the circle of masters of European painting of the 15th–16th centuries, who depicted oriental carpets on their canvases and frescoes. 
The practical significance. The obtained results make it possible to understand the sources of inspiration for individual carpets of oriental origin in the European painting of the Middle Ages, presented in the works of well-known representatives of the Italian and Northern Renaissance and mannerism, and to trace the artistic and figurative foundations of fashion for these works of oriental art of the XV–XVI centuries in Italy, Poland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, England.