ORNAMENT OF ART NOUVEAU IN THE DECORATIVE ART OF UKRAINE AT THE END OF THE 19TH – THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY : ARTISTIC AND STYLISTIC FEATURES AND PRINCIPLES OF FORM-MAKING

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to identify the artistic and stylistic features of the Art Nouveau ornament in the decorative
art of Ukraine of the late 19 th – early 20 th centuries, to determine the main principles of its formation in various types of
artistic and decorative practice. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the clarification of the principles of formation of
ornamental compositions, among which the leading ones are linearity, dynamic rhythm, asymmetry, stylization of natural
forms and symbolic saturation of images. The study also expands the understanding of the regional features of the
development of Art Nouveau in Ukraine and their interaction with pan-European trends.
The methodological basis of the study is an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods of art history, culturology
and historical analysis, in particular: historical – to study the evolution of the Art Nouveau ornament in the context of cultural
processes of the late 19 th – early 20 th centuries; formal and stylistic analysis – to determine the artistic features of the
ornament, compositional principles and means of expression; systemic – for considering the ornament as a complex integral
structure. Conclusions. Ornament in the decorative art of Ukraine of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. acquires a fundamentally new meaning, transforming from an auxiliary decorative element into an important factor in the formation of an artistic image.
The ornamental system of modernism is based on a combination of several key artistic principles: organic stylization of natural
forms, linear plasticity, rhythmic organization of composition and decorative generalization of motifs. The formation of the
ornament of modernism occurs through the interaction of decorativeness and constructivity. The ornament is organically
integrated into the structure of an object or architectural form, emphasizing its plastic features and at the same time organizing the compositional logic of the object. In this regard, the ornamental system is closely related to the material and technique of
execution, which is especially clearly manifested in ceramics, textiles, artistic metal, furniture art and graphic design. A
characteristic feature of Ukrainian modernism is the combination of pan-European artistic trends with national decorative
tradition. Folk ornamentation became an important source of ornamental stylistics, which was manifested in the creative
rethinking of traditional floral and geometric motifs in accordance with the principles of modernist stylization. The practical
significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of their use in restoration activities and the preservation of cultural
heritage, and will also contribute to the actualization of national ornamental traditions in the modern visual environment.