ESTABLISHMENT OF APPLIED ANATOMY IN THE ROYAL ACADEMY OF PAINTING AND SCULPTURE IN FRANCE

Abstract

The article considers the problems of studying applied anatomy at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture during the second half of the XVII–XVIII centuries, the introduction of new methods of teaching this discipline, the author's contribution to it by leading teachers of this era. The way of formation and development of artistic anatomy at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture for almost two centuries, as well as its influence on the academic system in the evolutionary development of stylistic milestones (classicism, rococo, neoclassicism) are traced and studied. All samples of anatomical inspirations of this discipline from Greco-Roman sculpture to the treatises of Andreas Vesalius are studied, the phenomenon of ecorche is analyzed, and special attention is paid to leading scientific and theoretical manuals and manuscripts on artistic anatomy. The importance of artistic anatomy for the acquisition of fundamental artistic knowledge in the French Academy of Arts is emphasized.